The aim of this study, undertaken at the request of the Kenyan Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST), was to describe and analyse the impact of HIV and AIDS on the education sector in Kenya, and provide a situational analysis of the implementation of the Kenyan Education Sector Policy on HIV and AIDS (2004). It aimed to provide empirical evidence on how HIV and AIDS have affected the education sector in Kenya, and to identify gaps in research and programme interventions. This report documents the implementation and dissemination of the Education Sector Policy on HIV and AIDS 2004, including lessons learnt and challenges encountered, as well as identify gaps in the policy. Finally, it provides recommendations on issues that need to be addressed for any future HIV and AIDS responsive policies and programmes, and proposes a roadmap towards strengthening the mainstreaming of HIV and AIDS within the education sector. It is anticipated that the study will inform the education sector's basis for short- and medium-term planning and programming through a costed action plan, and long-term planning through the Kenya Vision 2030 initiative.