Despite the commitment of many policymakers and advocates to addressing the ever-increasing sexual and reproductive health needs of youth, calls for appropriate programs, services, and funding have gone largely unanswered.

Gender inequity is a fundamental driver in the HIV epidemic, and integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs.

In Viet Nam, the lack of understanding of HIV, myths about HIV and the association of HIV with "social evils" often causes the patients to be stigmatized.