The Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV activity sought to better understand the psychological and social challenges faced by perinatally-infected children aged 0 to 12 years in Africa, their parents/caregivers, and their health providers. It explored factors that contribute to the ability of children living with HIV to cope and thrive, and identified the tools and approaches being used to help parents/caregivers and health providers provide psychosocial support (PSS) to these children. This final report provides general background information on the research effort and on key PSS issues, as well as the findings and recommendations emerging through this AIDSTAR-One activity.