This is the third annual report to Congress on Public Law 109-95, the Assistance for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in Developing Countries Act of 2005. Public Law 109-95 was signed into law four years ago to respond to the global orphans and vulnerable children crisis.

With improved accessibility to life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy, the treatment and care requirements of people living with HIV and AIDS resembles that of more established chronic diseases.

This powerpoint is an address given on African Universities responding to HIV and AIDS at Uganda Martyrs' University, in February 2009.

Increasing adult mortality due to AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa raises considerable concerns about the welfare of surviving children. Studies have found substantial variability across countries in the negative impacts of orphanhood on child health and education.

In an attempt to fill the knowledge gaps on the impact of care and support strategies for orphans and vulnerable children, MEASURE Evaluation is conducting targeted evaluations of five OVC programs in five unique settings, two in Kenya and three in Tanzania.

The theme of the 2010 GMR on Reaching and Teaching the Most Marginalized has particular relevance for the IATT on Education as marginalization is a cause of HIV risk and vulnerability, and often a consequence of being HIV-positive.

Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries.

Addressing the needs of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and mitigating negative outcomes of the growing OVC population worldwide is a high priority for national governments and international stakeholders that recognize this as an issue with social, economic, and human rights dimensions.

This paper analyses three recent policy/programme developments regarding child wellbeing in Tanzania and examines the political 'drivers of change' that influence policy and action on child well-being.

This research is specifically aimed at understanding current barriers, and to provide possible short to medium term solutions, to those working to provide child-centric care and support.