This desk study distills evidence from a document review of selected health and education SWAps ongoing in Pacific Island countries to address four questions: (i) are the anticipated benefits of the approach being realized; (ii) are the objectives of national sector programs likely to be achieved; (iii) how is the approach affecting sector program results; and (iv) how is the approach affecting the efficacy of the DPs. The conceptual framework and the study questions distinguish between two types of outcomes anticipated from aid effectiveness efforts under SWAps, which are often confused in design documents. These are: (i) the achievement of the capacity and efficiency gains anticipated from the approach itself, in terms of improved sector coordination, better harmonization and alignment of development assistance, and enhanced sector stewardship; and (ii) the achievement of national sector program objectives, in terms of improved system management, quality and coverage of services, and sector outcomes.