This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the importance of sexuality education as an integral part of sexual and reproductive health and rights of children and young people in the EU. The study presents evidence for the effectiveness of sexuality education and its importance to achieve gender equality, to prevent gender-based violence and to improve health and well-being of young people. It provides an overview of the legal and policy frameworks and describes commitments made by the EU and EU Member States regarding sexuality education. Further, it examines the status of sexuality education in the EU and barriers to its successful implementation. The study concludes with recommendations for the EU institutions and Member States aimed at structurally improving the situation of sexuality education in the EU.