The authors reviewed evaluations of school-based sexual health education interventions in sub-Saharan Africa to assess effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted infections and promoting condom use. They searched electronic databases, hand-searched key journals, and reference lists of included articles for potential studies. Data were extracted on outcomes, intervention characteristics, methods and study characteristics indicative of methodological quality. Where possible, data were synthesized using random effect meta-analysis. Intervention features found predominantly in effective interventions were noted. Based on the review results the authors draw the conclusion that school-based sexual health education has the potential to promote condom use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. However, they also call for further work to develop and evaluate interventions that have measurable effects on sexually transmitted infections.