This report provides an overview of the presentations, discussions and conclusions of the UNAIDS Interagency Task Team on Education (IATT) symposium on "Mainstreaming HIV and AIDS and Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights in Education: Challenges in Reality". This event took place on the 6th of November 2006 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The symposium was hosted by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs with support from the IATT secretariat.Key questions which the symposium examined include: What does mainstreaming mean for a Ministry of Education in Africa or for a development agency? What are the implications of mainstreaming HIV and AIDS for different stakeholders in reality? Why should and how can sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) be integrated into HIV and AIDS education.This report highlights how mainstreaming is being addressed in practice, what is being achieved and where the challenges lie. The symposium also considered practical information on "what" to mainstream and "how" to mainstream, providing indepth analysis on four areas, namely curriculum, advocacy, monitoring and budget. Recommendations from the participants on how to move forward from the lessons learnt on mainstreaming are provided in this report, which also includes specific recommendations for the UNAIDS IATT on Education and its members.