The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) is a network of 15 Ministries of Education: Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania (Mainland), Tanzania (Zanzibar), Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. SACMEQ's main mission is to undertake integrated research and training activities that: (a) provide educational planners with the technical skills required to monitor and evaluate the quality of their own education systems, and (b) generate information that can be used to plan the quality of education. The SACMEQ Consortium has undertaken three large-scale cross-national studies of the quality of education in Southern and Eastern Africa: the SACMEQ I Project (1995-1999), the SACMEQ II Project (2000-2004), and the SACMEQ III project (2007-2011). The SACMEQ III Project included an additional data collection concerned with a detailed assessment of pupil and teacher knowledge about HIV and AIDS. This policy brief presents the results of pupil and teacher knowledge about HIV and AIDS in Lesotho.