Within the framework of its work programme for 2024-2025, the International Bioethics Committee of UNESCO (IBC) decided to comprehensively address the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents in the digital environment. The aim of this report is to use ethical and human rights frameworks to emphasize the need for safeguarding the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents exposed to harmful use of digital environment. After defining the basic concepts on which we should consider arising ethical challenges - concepts such as digital environment, mental health and well-being, and social determinants of mental health - the report considers and ethically assesses the benefits and burdens of digital environment from the perspective of the goods and rights of children and adolescents, guided by the Principle of the Best Interest of the Child and procedural safeguards, as they are stated in the UN Convention on the rights of the child. Specific recommendations to different stakeholders to ensure these normative principles in practice are offered at the end of the report.