The purpose of the study was to provide information on the gendered and sexual identities of boys and girls, the influence of these identities on their sexual behaviour, and the status of HIV/AIDS education and life skills materials in Kenya's primary schools. The information gathered will feed into AGEI programmes and HIV/AIDS projects in several sectors, particularly those concerned with improving and strengthening AIDS education in Kenyan schools. The study was conducted in two districts: Garissa in Kenya's remote North Eastern Province, and the capital city Nairobi. The findings show how gender influences what boys and girls are expected to know about sex and sexuality. It also appears to have direct links to their ability to determine the level of risk in their sexual relationships.