More than 25 years since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), preventing its transmission continues to be a challenge throughout the world; Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are not an exception. The Government of Mexico has called upon the countries of the region to sign a joint Declaration from the Ministries of Education and Health with the firm commitment to utilize a comprehensive sex education approach as a strategic tool for HIV prevention. This diagnostic document, written by a team from the Mexican National Institute of Public Health (INSP), in collaboration with specialized international agencies, and country-based informants provides the results of a survey about the situation of sex education and HIV prevention in the schools for the entire region. The study included 34 countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. This document presents a list of school programs that have been published, studied, and evaluated in each country of the region. The characteristics of successful sex education and HIV prevention programs at the worldwide level are the same for programs in LAC countries. These characteristics have been identified through international literature reviews and meta analyses. There is a wide variety of experiences at regional level; while some countries have several descriptive studies and evaluations, others have none.