The risks of gender-based violence (GBV), understood as violence perpetrated with the intent to punish those who are perceived as defying dominant gender and/or sexual norms and narratives, are compounded for women, girls, and people with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC). This report addresses a critical gap in global efforts to end gender-based violence and its intersections with discriminatory factors, by specifically focusing on the challenges related to data collection and evidence on the experiences of people with diverse SOGIESC. Despite a growing evidence base and accelerated efforts to develop fit-for-purpose research and data collection methods, significant quantitative and qualitative gaps remain in the understanding of the scale and particular manifestations of violence based on SOGIESC.