This report brings together current research - much of it unpublished - into the impact of HIV/AIDS on children in the South Asia region. It presents an overview of findings of studies in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Limited information was available from the Maldives, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, and none was available from Bhutan. Most research has taken place in India, so this synthesis is somewhat weighted toward that country. A list of documents referred to is given in Annex 3. In addition this report extracts key messages from the latest global literature in relation to programming for children affected by HIV/AIDS, and presents a series of recommendations for national action. It is intended as a background and discussion document for the forthcoming meeting of member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation to discuss strategies to respond to the needs and rights of children affected by HIV/AIDS.