In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 12 million children 17 years of age and younger have lost one or both parents to AIDS, and many more live with a chronically ill parent or guardian. Children affected by HIV and AIDS often face intensified poverty; inadequate food, shelter, and medical care; stigma and discrimination; mental distress; and other challenges. Despite recognition of the magnitude and negative consequences of these problems, there is a dearth of evidence as to what types of programs best improve the well-being of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). To address this evidence gap, MEASURE Evaluation received funding from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief to conduct evaluations of four different, multifaceted programs for OVC (two in Kenya and two in Tanzania). Each evaluation examines the effectiveness of specific program strategies on improving the lives of OVC aged 8-14 and their guardians. This paper presents the findings from the 2007 outcome evaluation of the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Kilifi OVC project operating within Kenya. The evaluation explored the impact of interventions that aim to support and build the capacity of OVC guardians.