The specific purposes of this ODI-Merck study were: To compare the Kenyan experience of working within existing government systems to achieve behaviour change in the area of HIV/AIDS with that of other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa; To gather information from key stakeholders in Kenya on the formulation and implementation, structures, mechanisms and processes of the Kenya Education Sector HIV/AIDS Policy; To comment upon the process of formulating and disseminating the policy; To prepare evidence from the successful implementation of PSABH, in response to the findings of a RAPID assessment, in order to support the MoE to better lead the scaling out of HIV/AIDS activities under the KESSP and to work in conjunction with other Ministries in cross-cutting areas. The study concludes that: There need to be clear guidelines on the access and utilization of resources for the distribution, dissemination, interpretation and implementation of the HIV/AIDS education policy; There should be well-coordinated approaches for the interpretation and implementation of the policy; There should be a monitoring and evaluation system for the implementation of the HIV/AIDS policy and curriculum for quality development and maintenance. Within schools, the HIV/AIDS education syllabus should be harmonized through complete integration into all the subjects in the curriculum for easy and effective implementation; The Primary School Action for Better Health (PSABH) programme provides a successful model for the implementation of HIV/AIDS programmes in schools in Kenya and as such has been incorporated into the KESSP. (Over the next two years (2006-2008), CfBT will complete the transfer of management of the entire programme to the Ministry of Education.)