This review was commissioned by the Center for Communications Programs at Johns Hopkins University to provide insight into issues related to communication of HIV/AIDS to children in the 3-12 year age group, with an emphasis on South Africa. The overall brief included the following areas of focus: to identify the key issues related to children and HIV/AIDS, including discrimination, grief, knowledge, attitudes and practices; to determine what programmes have been implemented, both media and non-media, with regard to children and HIV/AIDS; to provide a comprehensive bibliography of literature in the area; on the basis of findings from the literature review conduct supplementary interviews with key stakeholders; to develop a review of findings.