This module is based on an analysis of information from two kinds of sources. The first is a review of current literature on OVC and their access to basic education. The second source of information is based on a series of interviews and discussions with many people who have field experience with orphans, access to education, subsidies, and social fund issues. The module is divided into five sections with corresponding workshop exercises at the end of each section. Section 1 - Who is an Orphan, who is a Vulnerable Child, and How Many Are There? Section 2 - The Impact of Parents' HIV/AIDS-Related Illness and Death on Their Children's Home Life. Section 3 - The Impact of Parents' HIV/AIDS-Related Illness and Death on Their Children's Schooling. Section 4 - What Has Been Done to Improve OVC Access to Education? Section 5 - Key Emerging Issues and the Way Forward.