This study compares the approaches of Taiwan and the Philippines in mitigating their HIV epidemics using non-formal educational programs. The Philippines has an HIV prevalence of 6,000-11,000 cases out of a population of 91 million. Their approach was to target female sex workers and their managers, before expanding to men in the community, and relying heavily on NGOs to provide sex education. Taiwan was a prevalence of 40,000 cases out of a 23 million person population. In Taiwan, the number of HIV infections is increasing dramatically among injecting drug users (from an incidence of 77 in 2003 to 2,381 in 2007.). Their approach was three-pronged, using: information, education, communication; a needle/syringe exchange program; and drug substitution treatment. The two approaches are compared in detail in the paper.