The first AIDS case was identified in Rwanda in 1983, and since then the prevalence rates of the epidemic have remained high, despite efforts at prevention. In Rwanda, impact studies also predict adverse impacts of HIV/AIDS on the supply and quality of education in the country.Educational planners and managers at various levels need to recognise the nature and extent of this impact and be equipped with the necessary conceptual and analytical tools to deal with HIV/AIDS. This would enhance their capacity to monitor the impact, and design strategies and programmes for prevention, care and impact mitigation.The primary objective of this study is to identify HIV/AIDS-related capacity development needs within the education sector in Rwanda. The study was carried out at various levels of the education system in the country. These included ministry headquarters, the provinces and districts, and the institutions. Primary data were obtained through interviews with educational planners and managers, whilst secondary data were obtained through a perusal of published and unpublished literature on HIV/AIDS and the education sector in Rwanda. Students involved in the fight against AIDS and in the Students' Guild leadership were also interviewed.