The objective of this study was to explore the special needs HIV positive young people in primary and secondary schools in Uganda with a view to identifying possible responses by the education sector to these needs. It was implemented by the Population Council in collaboration with the Child Health and Development Centre- Makerere University, The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)- Uganda, and the Ministry of Education- Uganda, through funding from the Ford Foundation. It involved a survey of 718 young people aged 12-19 years perinatally infected with HIV, in-depth interviews with 52 school officials, and 938 student essays on identified HIV/AIDS themes. Key findings include: Lack of adequate material support for schooling; Lack of proper mechanisms for health care in schools; Lack of training in HIV care and support for caregivers; Non disclosure of HIV status in school; Lack of support groups/clubs or services in school; Discrimination, stigma and physical abuse in schools.