Gender-based violence (GBV) is one of the most widespread violations of human rights and an obvious expression of unequal gender relations in a society. GBV is a serious hindrance to sustainable development and ending GBV is a specific target in the 2030 Agenda. Ending GBV is also a priority for the Swedish government, reflected in development cooperation. GBV occurs all over the world and takes many forms at different arenas. This brief gives attention to GBV online. During the last years, concerns about GBV online have gained wide recognition as a growing and alarming phenomenon. It is used to attack, oppress and silence women and girls and LGBTI persons in private and public spaces. GBV online particularly targets women human rights defenders, for whom the Internet is a key tool. The brief focuses on the nexus of GBV, information and communication technologies (ICT) and the rights to freedom of expression.