This review has been commissioned by USAID's Office of Women in Development to identify, annotate, and synthesize research studies and projects/interventions addressing primary and secondary school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV). The review of the literature looks first at evidence of the prevalence of school-related gender-based violence in developing countries. The second section of the report provides a context for the subsequent discussion of the consequences of school-related gender-based violence for the health and educational outcomes for students. Specifically, it discusses patterns of economic inequality, cultural beliefs about sex and sexuality, and data on adolescent sexual activity in developing countries. The third section focuses on what is being done to address SRGBV. Both programmatic and policy responses are reviewed and discussed. The report concludes with the authors' recommendations for further work.