Gender inequity is a fundamental driver in the HIV epidemic, and integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs. Integrating gender strategies into programs targeting most-at-risk populations (MARPs) which include men who have sex with men, transgender people, injecting drug users, and male, female and transgender sex workers, whether in mixed or concentrated epidemic countries is much less prevalent. The purpose of this Technical Brief is to provide program managers and planners with an overview of the recent research literature on gender-related constraints effecting MARPs, future program approaches, and gender-related challenges that should be considered in programs to reduce HIV risk among MARPs.