This publication considers the issue of HIV in relation to looked after children. It reflects the widespread research that has highlighted the particular vulnerabilities often experienced by looked after young people concerning their health and well-being; and considers how this relates to managing risk and HIV infection, as well as the care and support needs of those children and young people already diagnosed HIV positive. The aims were to: consider the experiences of looked after children who are HIV positive; look at policy and practice guidance for looked after children and consider whether this is adequate to support professionals involved in the care of HIV positive children; offer recommendations for improving practice; and improve general awareness of the issues and risks faced by looked after children living with HIV.