This report updates a preliminary stocktaking review of research on HIV and AIDS in the education sector carried out by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) in September 2008, and commissioned by the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Education. The purpose of the initial and updating stocktaking exercises is to expand the evidence base on education and HIV and AIDS, and to identify gaps and ways of complementing and building on existing research. A total of 133 documents were reviewed for the initial stocktaking exercise, and a further 173 documents were reviewed for this updated report. Principal sources of the literature reviewed include contributions from the IATT members and an online search. In order to focus on current evidence within the literature, this review did not include technical guidance papers, toolkits and policy documents, or documents published before 2000. The stocktaking report arrives at a set of findings summarized into the following four broad thematic areas: 1. Education and HIV prevention; 2. Education and HIV mitigation; 3. Impact of HIV and AIDS on demand and supply of education; 4. Policy responses.