Understanding and meeting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents and young people, including those living with HIV, is essential in supporting this growing population to thrive. In Eastern and Southern Africa, new HIV infections among those aged 15-24 are estimated to account for those older than 15. Early sexual risk – including through marriage and sexual violence – can result in unintended pregnancies, poor mental health, and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. The gender inequities and social stigma associated with being sexually active during adolescence negatively impact the availability, accessibility, and use of critical SRH services. This brief summarizes research findings on adolescents' and young people’s experience of SRH from early adolescence, with a special focus on those living with HIV. It also highlights key programming considerations to support SRH and rights for this population including multisectoral action. This brief is part of a broader series that aims to support the translation of research into improved adolescent SRH and HIV programming.