This document reports on research carried out as part of a European project funded by the European Commission, DG - Justice. The 18-month project was undertaken by LGBT Youth Scotland, a Scottish LGBT organisation with experience of working within education, in partnership with Legebitra, an LGBT organisation in Slovenia, and aimed to increase the confidence of EU member states to develop strategies to combat homophobia within education settings. The project had four main components including a research stage, an education pilot in Slovenia, the development of a toolkit and youth involvement. The research stage sought to gain an in-depth understanding of anti-homophobia bullying programmes in schools across the European Union through a literature review on homophobia in education and interviews in the EU member states. The literature review centred on: the rights of young people; experiences of LGBT young people; homophobia and its effects; and the needs of education professionals.