This discussion paper, prepared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is intended for policy-makers and implementers in ministries of education, civil society organizations, and donor and development agencies involved in emergency, reconstruction and development responses. It examines the current situation with regard to conflict, displacement and HIV, and notes the protection risks faced by refugees and internally displaced persons. It recognises the importance of education for affected populations, and refers to the existing and significant work undertaken to develop minimum standards for education in emergency situations. The paper then focuses on the key components of education sector responses to HIV and AIDS, and addresses the policy and programmatic measures required to address the prevention, treatment, care and support needs of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as the HIV-related stigma and discrimination that they often face.